New stack technologies with higher operating temperatures (95°C, 110°C)
Improvement of the component stability and improvement of the tolerance to impurities in air and hydrogen (new, more corrosion-resistant substrates and very high dimensional stability membranes)
Decreasing Pt quantity (<0.1 g/kW)
New materials: catalysts without noble metals, catalysts with smaller Pt content but enhanced activity, new polymer electrolyte membrane (cheaper and more eco-friendly than the current PFSA)
Optimization of electrical performance and durability: prognosis of the systems’ lifetime
Valorization of energy flows (electrical, thermal, fluidic, etc.)
Hybridization with batteries and/or supercapacitors